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Alnico permanent magnets based partly on nickel are of intermediate strength between iron-based permanent magnets and rare-earth magnets. Nickel is one of four elements (the others are iron, cobalt, and gadolinium) that are ferromagnetic at approximately room temperature. Nickel has been widely used in coins, though its rising price has led to some replacement with cheaper metals in recent years. Nickel-plated objects sometimes provoke nickel allergy. About 9% of world nickel production is still used for corrosion-resistant nickel plating. Historically, it has been used for plating iron and brass, coating chemistry equipment, and manufacturing certain alloys that retain a high silvery polish, such as German silver. Nickel is slowly oxidized by air at room temperature and is considered corrosion-resistant. Major production sites include the Sudbury region in Canada (which is thought to be of meteoric origin), New Caledonia in the Pacific, and Norilsk in Russia. Nickel's other important ore minerals include pentlandite and a mixture of Ni-rich natural silicates known as garnierite. An economically important source of nickel is the iron ore limonite, which often contains 1–2% nickel. The element's name comes from a mischievous sprite of German miner mythology, Nickel (similar to Old Nick), who personified the fact that copper-nickel ores resisted refinement into copper. Nickel was first isolated and classified as a chemical element in 1751 by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who initially mistook the ore for a copper mineral, in the cobalt mines of Los, Hälsingland, Sweden. Use of nickel (as a natural meteoric nickel–iron alloy) has been traced as far back as 3500 BCE. An iron–nickel mixture is thought to compose Earth's outer and inner cores. Meteoric nickel is found in combination with iron, a reflection of the origin of those elements as major end products of supernova nucleosynthesis. Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually in ultramafic rocks, and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere. Pure nickel, powdered to maximize the reactive surface area, shows a significant chemical activity, but larger pieces are slow to react with air under standard conditions because an oxide layer forms on the surface and prevents further corrosion ( passivation). Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Data Extracts ToolĪ comprehensive suite of planning application data, backdated a maximum of 2 years.Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. Reports on the volume of planning applications received and decisions issued, including geographic detail at Local Government District and Assembly Constituency levels. Information and links for Consultees in relation to the online consultation system.
Information on the GBBCA planning agreement modification process. Includes details of applications advertised by DfI. Regionally Significant Developments & Call‑insĪdvice on the Department’s determination of regionally significant developments and called-in applications.
Ni ni archive#
These plans are in the process of being transferred to the DfI website but are available to view on the PRONI web archive in the interim. Departmental Development Plansĭevelopment plans prepared by the former Department of the Environment (DOE). Practice notes, supplementary planning guidance and design guides. Information on the Regional Development Strategy (RDS) and the Strategic Planning Policy Statement (SPPS). Planning LegislationĮxisting legislation governing or relating to the planning system in Northern Ireland and proposals for new legislation. Planning Fees & Formsĭetails of current planning fees and applications forms. Planning offices in Northern IrelandĬontact details for the councils’ planning offices and the Department for Infrastructure (DfI).
Ni ni how to#
Applying for planning permissionĪdvice on how to apply for planning permission. Overview of the planning system in Northern Ireland. Search for and view planning applications in Northern Ireland online. Where to find planning information Public Access